SOIL INDICATORS IN SUSTAINABLE AGRICULLTURE PRODUCTION
Keywords:
Physical, chemical and biological indicators, sustainable agriculture production, soil ecosystemAbstract
The purpose of this paper is to present and discuss soil physical, chemical and biological indicators at the national level, as well as the progres made in their use for sustainable development assessment.
The population pressure adds to the need protect the existing soil resources. There is therefore a need for developing soil indikators in order to measure the sustainability of land use and management for different human activities. Efforts are made towards a better understanding of the factors that may affect the soil resource, and these factors are then translated into indicators. Only an integrated approach combining several relevant indicators can give answers to the complex questions of soil quality and sustainable soil use.
Downloads
References
2. Cameron, K., Beare, M. H., McLaren, R. P. and Di, H. (1998): Selecting physical, chemical, and biological indicators of soil quality for degraded or poluted soils. Scientific registration No. 2516. Symposium No. 37. Proceedings of 16th WCSS, Montpellier, France.
3. Christens, O. (1988):The direct effects of earthworms on nitrogen turnover in cultivated soils. Ecology Bulltein. 39: 41–44.
4. Dick, R. P. (1997): Soil enzyme activities as integrative indicators of soil health. In: Biological indicators of soil health. Pankhurst, C. (Eds.). CAB International, New York. pp. 121–156.
5. De Kimpe, C. R., and Prasittiketh, J. (2002): Soil indicators for sustainable land use. Symposium no. 32, 17th WCSS, Bangkok, Thailand, pp. 2285-1–10.
6. Doran, Ј. W., Parkin, T. B. (1994): Defining and assessing soil quality. In: Defining soil quality for a sustainable environment. J. W. Doran, D. C. Coleman, D. F Beydicek, and B. A. Stewart (Eds.). Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Special Publication No. 35, Madison, Wisconsin, USA. pp. 3–21.
7. Dumanski, J. (Ed.) (1994): Proceedings of the international workshop on sustainable land management for the 21st century. Vol. 1: Workshop summary. Agricultural institute of Canada. Ottawa.
8. EEA (2000): Down to earth: Soil degradation and sustainable development in Europe. Environmental issue series No. 16, European Environmental Agency, Copenhagen, Denmark.
9. EEA (2001): Proposal for a soil monitoring and assessment framework. European Environment Agency, Copenhagen, Denmark.
10. Gregorich, E. G., Carter, M.R., Angers, D. A., Monreal, C. M. and Ellert, B. H. (1994): Towards a minimum data set to assess soil organic matter quality in agricultural soils. Can. J. Soil Sci. 74, 367–385.
11. Harris, R. F. and Bezdicek, D. F. (1994): Descriptive aspects of soil quality/health. In: Defining Soil Quality for a Sustainable Environment. Doran, J. W., Coleman, D. C., Bexdicek, D. F. and Stewart, B. A. (Eds.). Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Special Publication No. 35. Madison, Wisconsin, USA, pp. 23–35.
12. House, G. J. and Brust, G. E. (1989): Ecology of low-input, no-tillage agroecosystems. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment. 27: 331–345.
13. Hseu, Z. Y., Chen, Z. S., and Tsai, C. C. (1999): Selected indicators and conceptual framework for assessment methods of soil quality in arable soils of Taiwan. Soil and Enwironment. 2: 77–88. (In Chinese, with English abstract and tables).
14. Huber, S. and Freudenschuss, A. (2002): Development of indicators for soil quality at the European level. Symposium no. 32, 17th WCSS, Bangkok, Thailand, pp. 607-1–10.OECED (1997): Environmental indicators for agriculture. Paris.
15. Kennedy, A. C., and Papendick, R. I. (1995): Microbial characteristics of soil quality. J. of Soil and Water Conservation 50: 243–248.
16. Klevtzov, A. V. (2002): Reliability of the soil system – main criterion for sustainable land use and land management. Symposium no. 32, 17th WCSS, Bangkok, Thailand.
17. Larson, W. E., and Pierce, F. J. (1991): Conservation and enhancement of soil quality. In: Evaluation for sustainable land management in the developing world. Int. Board for Soil Res. and Management. Bangkok, Thailand. pp. 175– 203.
18. Larson, W. E., and Pierce, F. J. (1994): The dynamics of soil quality as a measure of sustainable management. In: Defining Soil Quality for a Sustainable Environment. J.W. Doran, D. C. Coleman, D. F. Beydicek, and B. A. Stewart (Eds.). Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Special Publication No. 35. Madison, Wisconsin, USA, pp. 37–51.
19. McRae, T., Smith, C. A. S., and Gregorich, L. J. eds. (2000): Environmental sustainability of Canadian agriculture: Report of the agri-environmental indicator project. Minister of public works and government of Canada services, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
20. OECD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development) (2001): Environmental indicators for agriculture. Methods and Results. Vol. 3, OECD Publication, Paris, France.
21. Pieri, C., Dumanski, J., Hamblin, A. S., and Young, A. (1995): Land quality indicators. World bank discussion paper 315, Washington D. C., USA.
22. Pulleman, M. M., Six, J., Uyl, A., Marinissen, J. C. Y. and Jongmans, A. G. (2005): Earthworms and management affect organic matter incorporation and microaggregate formation in agricultural soils. Applied Soil Ecology, 29, 1–15.
23. Roth, C. H. and Joschko, M. (1990): A note on the reduction of runoff from crusted soils by earthworm burrows and artifical channels. Journal of Soil and Plant Nutrition. 154: 101–105.
24. Seybold, C. A., Mausbach, M. J., Karlen, D. L., and Rogers, H. H. (1997): Quantification of soil quality. In: Advances in Agronomy Stewart, B. A. and Lal, R. (Eds.). Proceedings from an International Symposium on Carbon Sequestration in Soil. Lewis Publishing.
25. Shaxson, T. F. (1998): Concepts and indicators for assessment of sustainable land use. Adv. Geoecology 31: 11–19.
26. Sparling, G. P. (1992): Ratio of microbial biomass carbon to soil organic carbon as a sensitive indicator of changes in soil organic matter. Aust. J. Soil Res. 30: 195–207.
27. SSSA (1998): Internet glosary of soil science terms. Soil Science Society of America.
28. UN-CSD (1996): Indicators for sustainable development: Framework and methodologies. United Nations, New York.
29. Warkentin, B. P. (1995): The changing concept of soil quality. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation. 50, 226–228.
30. Weigand, S., Auerwld, K., and Beck, T. (1995): Microbial biomass in agricultural topsoils after 6 years of bare fallow. Biol. Fert. Soils 19: 129–134.