Economics of Agriculture

THE CONCENTRATION OF THE AGRICULTURE AND LIVESTOCK SECTOR IN THE VISEGRAD GROUP AFTER MEMBERSHIP TO THE EUROPEAN UNION

Elif Tuğçe Bozduman — Mon, 02 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0000

In the study, after the European Union (EU) membership of the Visegrad group (since 2004), both export and import levels were analyzed in products representing the agriculture and livestock sector. The results of the analysis show us that. The fact that the Visegrad group has EU membership has reduced the level of concentration over time. CR and HHI, the two most commonly used concentration analyses in the literature, were used as methods. Among the Visegrad countries, the country with the highest concentration of exports in agricultural and livestock products is Hungary and the country with the lowest is Poland. On the contrary, the country with the highest concentration of imports is Poland and the country with the lowest concentration is Hungary.

SUPPORTING PROGRAMS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF COOPERATIVES IN THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA

Marko Jeločnik, Jonel Subić, Zorica Vasiljevic — Mon, 02 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Serbia is among few countries that have two ministries, the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Management and the Ministry of Rural Welfare, active in solving actual problems linked to living and working conditions in rural space. Establishment of cooperatives, or joined action of rural population could enable developmental processes in rural areas. Both ministries offer certain programs of public support focused on cooperatives advancement or establishment, and indirectly securing the competitiveness and sustainability of cooperative members (i.e. mainly family farms). The main research goal is observing the economic impact of the one of program support lines of the Ministry of Rural Welfare directed to development of cooperatives, and further prevention of disappearing of rural communities in Serbia. Analysis shows that mentioned support has turned over the previous trend of shutting down the cooperatives into situation when over 1,100 new agricultural cooperatives have been established in last several years. Additionally, derived results initiate certain recommendations, useful both for policy makers and cooperatives.

THE POSSIBILITY OF SUPPLYING THE DEFENSE SYSTEM WITH FOOD PRODUCTS IN CONDITIONS OF DISTURBANCE ON THE MARKET

Mon, 02 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Recently, as a result of COVID-19 and the war conflict in Ukraine, the supply system in the world has been very difficult. In addition to the above consequences, a number of other activities lead to disruptions in the market, which complicates the supply system at the global level. The defense system in the conditions of war conflicts is considered unique in defining regulations and procedures and has a special treatment in treating the supply process in such conditions. In this sense, this paper theoretically discusses the food supply system, the available market for food products with reference to the food industry and possible market disturbances and their effect on the supply system. The goal of the work is to find alternative solutions for the supply of food products to the defense system of the Republic of Serbia in conditions of disruptions in the market.

THE IMPACT OF FOOD VISUAL AESTHETICS ON CONSUMER PERCEPTION OF A HEALTHY AND TASTY MEAL IN THE HOSPITALITY AND TOURISM INDUSTRY

Ljubica Janjić, Sonja Vujović, Ivica Zdravković, Dragana Ilić — Mon, 02 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The visual appearance of food is an important attribute when people choose food. This paper aims to examine the impact of visual aesthetics on the consumer’s perception of a healthy and tasty meal. The paper consists of two empirical researches, which includes survey and experimental research. The survey results indicate the connection between the visual appearance of meals and the consumer’s perception of health and tasty meals. The experimental research compare consumer expectations about the meal taste based on its visual appearance, and actual consumer experience after tasting that meal. The results show that there are differences in consumer expectations, based on visual aesthetics and they should assist the hospitality and tourism business from acknowledging how the visual aesthetics of food can influence consumers’ food choice decisions. This can be an effective technique for hospitality and tourism companies in attracting consumers and increasing their loyalty.

CHARACTERISTICS OF AGRIPRENEURS IN SOUTHEAST EUROPE: GEM DATA ANALYSIS

Mon, 02 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0000

This paper focuses on the factors that decisively influence the practice of agro-entrepreneurship in the early stages of the entrepreneur’s development (demographic, motivational and internationalization factors). The results showed that people who have left their studies are more inclined to start entrepreneurial ventures in the agro-sector than those who are employed full-time or part-time and those who are currently unemployed. It has been proven that older people are more likely to start a venture in this sector. The size of the household proved to be a statistically significant determinant, in the sense that a larger number of household members increases the chances that a person will start a venture. Motives of necessity proved to be key motives for agro-entrepreneurs in the early stages of their development. It has been confirmed that entrepreneurs in the agrosector in the early stages of development do their business predominantly within the borders of the national economy.

ANALYSIS OF ATTITUDES TOWARDS SOCIAL-ECONOMIC AND MARKETING FACTORS ON THE GROWTH OF ORGANIC PRODUCTION

Boris Latinović, Bojana Ostojić, Marina Bugarčić — Mon, 02 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The aim of this paper was to examine the differences in attitudes towards the influential economic, social and marketing factors on the growth of organic agricultural production. In addition to the above, the scientific goals of the work are to determine the persistence, nature of the connection and predictability of the above strategies for dealing with health problems. The subject of this research is the examination of the attitudes of the population of agricultural producers who own farms and students of the Faculty of Agriculture in Novi Sad according to the representation of influential sociological, economic and marketing factors on the growth of organic agricultural production. The instruments used in this research include a sociodemographic questionnaire constructed for the purposes of this research, methods of analysis, synthesis, induction and comparative methods. The results show that students have a moderately positive attitude towards the use of organic agricultural products, with income, employment and economic growth being significant predictors.

IMPACT OF REALIZED INVESTMENTS IN NEW FIXED ASSETS ON GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT IN SERBIA

Biljana Grujić Vučkovski, Vesna Paraušić, Nataša Kljajić — Mon, 02 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The research subject is the analysis of the impact of the value of realized investments in new fixed assets on the gross domestic product (GDP) of Serbia in the period from 2012 to 2021. The research was conducted with the aim of determining which economic activity, according to the value of realized investments, contributes the most to the creation of the value of Serbia’s GDP. The defined goal was realized by applying the multiple regression method, and the starting model contained the value of realized investments in four activities, which are: manufacturing; electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply; transportation and storage; agriculture, forestry and fishing. The occurrence of multicollinearity between independent variables was checked by the tolerance coefficient, VIF coefficients and Eigen values, and their values indicate the presence of weak multicollinearity, which is a consequence of the impact of realized investments in agriculture, forestry and fishing. The result of the set regression model shows that the greatest contribution to the creation of Serbia’s GDP is made by the realized investment value in the electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply (Standardized Beta Coefficients 0.687, Sig. = 0.012).

APPLICATION OF THE PPM MODEL IN ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF ECONOMIC FACTORS ON THE SELECTION OF AN AGRO-TOURISM DESTINATION AFTER COVID-19

Mon, 02 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The tourism industry is one of the industries most affected by the Covid-19 pandemic. Understanding the motivation for travel is essential for the tourism development of the destination and long-term business. This study used the pushpull-mooring model (PPM model) to explain the factors that influence the decision of tourists to visit agritourism destinations in Serbia after the Covid-19 pandemic, with an emphasis on the economic factors of travel. The results obtained by multiple regression analysis indicate a significant effect of economic, as well as other factors within the model, on the decision of tourists. The significance of the research is reflected in the creation of a realistic picture of the influence of factors on tourists’ decisions, and therefore on the creation of future management steps in the management of an agro-tourism destination.

ARMED CONFLICT IN UKRAINE: FOOD SECURITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS

Tatjana Brankov, Anton Puškarić — Mon, 02 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The ongoing conflict has far-reaching consequences, not only for the citizens of Ukraine and Russia but for societies and economies worldwide. This paper examines specific geopolitical, economic, and environmental impacts of the war – both direct and indirect consequences on food security, including rising prices, as well as short-term and long-term implications on the environment, including the impact on agricultural land and loss of biodiversity. It is concluded that the conflict is likely to have a greater impact on the environment than on the economy.

COMPARATIVE FINANCIAL ANALYSIS OF FRUIT AND VEGETABLE JUICE PRODUCTION SECTORS IN SERBIA AND CROATIA

Nenad Mihailović, Željko Radovanović, Sanja Radovanović — Mon, 02 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The paper analyzes fruit and vegetable juice production sectors in Serbia and Croatia, with a special emphasis on the analysis of financial performance indicators. Costeffectiveness, profitability and liquidity indicators over the five-year period have been calculated on the basis of financial data. The aim of the paper is to examine whether there is a statistically significant difference between these indicators in the sectors of the two countries. Having in view that previous research results indicate a lower level of technical effectiveness of Serbian agriculture compared to EU countries, the paper examines the potential of the processing sector in generating new value and the possibility of creating a new product from primary agricultural products with considerably better business results. Based on the statistically significant difference in the mean values of financial indicators, the conclusion is that this sector in Serbia is more liquid and profitable than the counterpart sector in Croatia.

FOREIGN TRADE AND COMPETITIVENESS OF RASPBERRY OF THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA AND SELECTED COUNTRIES

Marija Nikolić, Ivan Božić, Dragica Božić — Mon, 02 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The subject of this study is the analysis of foreign trade and competitiveness of raspberries from Serbia and selected major producers and exporters (Poland and Ukraine), as well as from neighboring countries where raspberries play an increasingly important role in production and export (Bosnia and Herzegovina and Bulgaria), in the period 2010- 2021. The aim of the paper is to examine the competitive position of raspberries from Serbia and selected countries on global market and to give insight into changes between countries regarding competitiveness of raspberries. The results show that Serbia and Poland are leaders in the global market of frozen raspberries. Frozen raspberries from Serbia, Ukraine and Bulgaria are quality competitive, while Polish raspberries are competitive in price. The decrease in competitiveness of the leading countries on global market of frozen raspberries is noticeable, while the greatest increase in competitiveness was achieved in Ukraine.

THE MARKETING MYOPIA OF SERBIAN RAKIJA DISTILLERS

Slobodan Adžić, Milan Bubulj, Aleksandar Jovičić — Mon, 02 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The aim of this explanatory research is to contribute to the knowledge of the marketing of spirits through research into Serbian rakija producers, with an emphasis on the marketing of their alcoholic beverages. In order to demonstrate that marketing results in higher product prices and revenues, three hypotheses related to the elements of the marketing mix will be investigated. In this quantitative survey, the questionnaire was distributed online to Serbian distillers (N = 104); hence, the sample was intentional and predetermined. The key finding is that only 4% of distillers have fully mastered marketing in the sense that they use all four elements of the marketing mix in their businesses; they also achieved significantly higher prices. It seems that it is not clear to Serbian rakija distillers exactly who they are targeting with their marketing and who will buy their products.

THE FACTORS OF BUSINESS EFFICACY OF THE FOOD MARKET AND THEIR CORRELATION TO THE MARKETING IN FARMERS

Miroljub Ivanović, Milivoje Ćosić — Mon, 02 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The relevant research subjecs of this study are the contemporary models of economic studies, the factors of business efficacy of the food market, and the marketing of farmers. The aim of this transversal study was to define the latent structures of business efficacy and their linear correlation with the marketing of agricultural food farmers. The pertinent sample included (N =156) male farmers from Kolubara district, Serbia. The average age of participants was 44.26 ± =10.35). The questionnaire regarding farmer’s entrepreneurial success in food production was used in this research. The values of the Cronbach’s alpha (α) coefficient of internal consistency were higher than 0.70, which means that the variables used in this research possess satisfactory psychometric criteria. Four components were extracted by analyzing the exploratory factorial analysis, with Kaiser– Guttman criterion, and the oblimin rotation of the variables. The extracted four-factor groups of latent dimensions, on the level of statistical conclusion of 0,01, were interpreted as: quality – FI, economic privilege – FII, social privilege – FIII, and competition – FIV, which together account for 68.26% of the variance. The obtained findings on the coefficient of internal consistency (Cronbach’s) confirmed the reliability and validity of the applied measuring instrument, and thus future longitudinal studies can use it for examining the farmer population in Serbia.

THE PERCEPTIONS OF WINE CONSUMERS REGARDING THE USE OF DIGITAL WINE LISTS IN DIGITALLY ORIENTED RESTAURANTS

Pero Labus, Jelena Lukić Nikolić — Mon, 02 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The aim of this paper is to examine and analyze the perceptions of wine consumers regarding the use of digital wine lists in restaurants. The empirical research was conducted using a specially designed questionnaire, which was completed by 406 respondents from 2020 to 2021. The data analysis applied descriptive statistics, KolmogorovSmirnov test, Levene’s test, and the Kruskal-Wallis H test. The results showed that restaurants with digital wine lists are preferred by consumers who are at the young age group (between the ages of 18 and 35), have no prior knowledge about wine, and visit restaurants frequently (a few times per month). These respondents are willing to recommend digitally oriented restaurants and their services to others. The results and conclusions presented in this research could serve as a foundation for decision-makers and managers in restaurants to consider the introduction of digital wine lists and to improve their restaurant’s attractiveness.

MANAGING THE PRODUCTIVITY PROCESS IN AGRICULTURE, A FRAMEWORK FOR IMPROVING THE MARKET POSITION OF AGRICULTURE OF THE REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA

Saša Čekrlija, Zoran Đuričić, Radomir Jovanović, Slobodan Pešević — Mon, 02 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Agriculture in Republika Srpska is the second largest sector with products of low added value. The biggest challenge is strengthening resilience and increasing competitiveness in the market. This paper analyzes the possibilities for improving the position of small farms and establishing a framework for more efficient development of entrepreneurship in the agricultural sector of the Republic of Srpska. The methods used in agro-economic research are used in the work, namely description, induction, deduction, synthesis, compilation, and data comparison and analysis. The increase in productivity is directly dependent on the diversification of production, the application of positive practices and increased resistance to climate change. Improved safety standards of agricultural products and food quality directly affect increased competitiveness and the potential for access to higher value markets. The application of climate-smart irrigation technologies and the improvement of water management in agriculture represents a revolutionary turning point in agriculture.