LIVELIHOOD DIVERSIFICATION STRATEGIES AND FOOD INSECURITY STATUS OF RURAL FARMING HOUSEHOLDS IN NORTH-EASTERN NIGERIA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5937/ekoPolj1901281GKeywords:
Rural household, North eastern Nigeria, livelihood diversification strategies, food insecurity, dietary AllowanceAbstract
The study examined the effects of households livelihood diversification strategies on food insecurity in rural North eastern Nigeria. In order to realise the objectives of the study, primary data were obtained from 444 farmers with the aid of structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, Tobit regression model, Cost of Calorie Function and ANOVA were used to analyse the data. The findings showed that farmers adopted five livelihood strategies of which Cropping, Poultry and Livestock Keeping (CPL) was predominant, accounting for 37.39% of respondents. However, 7.43% of the households practising Cropping, Fishing, Livestock keeping and Off-farm (CFLO) had the highest surplus and least shortfall indices of 0.75 and 0.20 respectively; implying that food secure households in this category exceeded daily RDA of 2250kcal of energy/adult equivalent/day by 75%; but food insecure households fell short of same by 20%. Head count ratio indicated that 58% and 42% of individuals in this category are food secure and food insecure respectively. Thus, a significant relationship between households food insecurity and livelihood diversification strategies is established.
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References
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2. Aigbokhan, B.E.(2000). Poverty, Growth and inequality in Nigeria: A Case study. African Economic Research Consortium, Research Paper 102.AERC, Nairobi. pp.74.
3. Alkaakohol, M. A. & Aye, G. C. (2014). Diversification and Farm Household Welfare in Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria. Development Studies Research, 1 (1), 168–175.
4. Amao, J.O. & Ayantoye, K. (2015). Correlates of Food Insecurity Transition and its Determinants among Farming Households in North Central, Nigeria. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development. 6 (24), 230–244.
5. Amao, J. O. & Ayantoye, K. (2017). Analysis of food insecurity status among farming households in North Central Nigeria. International Journal of Advance Agricultural Research, 5, 10–22.
6. Asfaw, A., Simane, B., Hassen, A. & Bantider, A. (2017). Determinants of nonfarm livelihood diversification: evidence from rainfed-dependent smallholder farmers in north central Ethiopia (Woleka sub-basin). Development Studies Research, 4 (1), 22–36. DOI: 10.1080/21665095.2017.1413411
7. Ashagidigbi, W. M., Yusuf, S. A. & Omonona, B.T. (2013). Households Food Demand and Food Security Status in Nigeria. Lap-Lambert Publishers, Frankfurt, Germany.
8. Babatunde, R. O. & Qaim, M. (2010). Impact of Off-farm Income on Food Security and Nutrition. Food Policy, 35 (4), 303–311.
9. Federal Republic of Nigeria (FRN) (2007). Official Gazette: Federal Government Printers, Lagos. Nigeria. pp. 24.
10. Gautam, Y. & Andersen, P. (2016). Rural livelihood diversification and household well-being: Insights from Humla, Nepal. Journal of Rural Studies, 44, 239–249.
11. Glory, E. E. & Nsikak-Abasi, A. E. (2018). Factors Influencing Rural Livelihood Diversification: Implications for Poverty Reduction. International Journal of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, 6 (2), 23–28.
12. Hoang, T. X., Pham, C. S. & Ulubasoglu, M. A. (2014). Non-farm Activity Household Expenditure and Poverty Reduction in Rural Vietnam 2002 – 2008 World Development, 64, 554–568.
13. Idachaba, F.S. (2006). Strategic and Policies for Food Security and Economic Development in Nigeria. Central Bank of Nigeria, Lagos.
14. Ifeoma, J. I. & Agwu, E. A. (2014). Assessment of Food Security Situation among Farming Households in Rural Areas of Kano State, Nigeria. Journal of Central European Agriculture, 15 (1), 94–107.
15. Khatiwada, S. P., Deng, W., Paudel, B., Khatiwada, J. R. Zhang, J. & Su, Y.(2017). Household Livelihood Strategies and Implication for Poverty Reduction in Rural Areas of Central Nepal. Sustainability, 9, (612), 1-20. doi:10.3390/su9040612.
16. Loison, S. A. (2015). Rural Livelihood Diversification in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Literature Review. Journal of Development Studies, 51 (9), 1125 –1138.
17. Mada, M. & Menza, M. (2015). Determinants of Rural Livelihood Diversification among Small-scale Producers: The case of Kamba District in Ethiopia. Asian Journal of Research in Business and Economics Management, 5 (5), 44 – 52.
18. McDonald, J.F., Moffit, R.A.(1980). The Uses of Tobit Analysis. Review of Economics and Statistics. 62, 318–321.
19. Mutenje, M. J., Ortmann, G. F., Ferrer, S. R. D. & Darroch, M. A. G. (2010). Rural Livelihood Diversity to Manage Economic Shocks: Evidence from South East Zimbabwe. Agricultural Economics Research Policy and Practice in Southern Africa. 49 (3), 338–357.
20. National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) (2010). Poverty Profile for Nigeria 2010. NBS, Abuja.
21. Oganuga, A. G. (2006). Agro-ecological Zone of Nigeria, edited by Berding, F., Chude, V.O. Ships and Ports: Nigerias Food Import Bill Crashes. A Publication of National Special Programme for Food Security, Abuja Nigeria.
22. Okurat, F.N., Odwee, J.O. & Adesina, A. (2002). Determinants of regional poverty in Uganda: African Economic Research Consortium AERC RP 122, pp. 43.
23. Olayemi J.K. (1998). Food security in Nigeria. Research Report No. 2, Development Policy Centre, Ibadan, Nigeria. pp. 85.
24. Oluwatayo, I. B. (2009). Poverty and Income Diversification among Households in rural Nigeria: A Gender Analysis of Livelihood Patterns. A paper presentation at the 2nd Instituto de Estudos Sociaise Economicos (IESE) Conference on Dynamics of Poverty and Patterns of Economic Accumulation in Maputo, Mozambique, pp.23.
25. Omonona, B.T.(2001). Poverty and its Correlates among Rural Farming Households in Kogi State, Nigeria. Ph.D thesis, University of Ibadan, Department of Agricultural Economics, Ibadan, Nigeria.
26. Omonona, B.T. & Adetokumbo A.G.(2007). An Analysis of Food Security Situation among Nigrian urban Households: Evidence from Lagos State, Nigeria. Journal of Central European Agriculture, 8 (3), 397–406.
27. Oni, O. A. & Fashogbon, A. E. (2013). Food Poverty and Livelihoods Issues in Rural Nigeria. African Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, 8 (2), 1–28.
28. Ravallion, M. & Bidani, B. (1994). How Rebuts is a Poverty Profile? World Bank Economic Review, 8 (2), 75–102.
29. Shehu, J. F. (2013). Production Efficiency Differentials and Innovative Behaviour among Rice Farmers in North-East Nigeria. Ph.D thesis, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Department of Agricultural Economics, Nsukka, Nigeria.
30. The Nation Newspaper (2011). Nigeria Spent N99.2trn on Food Importation. http://ination@thenationonlineng.net
31. Tantu, A. T., Gamebo, T. D., Sheno, B. K. & Kabalo, M. Y. (2017). Household food insecurity and associated factors among households in Wolaita Sodo town, 2015. Agriculture and Food Security, 61(9), 1–8. DOI 10.1186/s40066-017-0098-4
32. Vojinovic, Z., Zarkovic, N. & Arambasic-Camprag, B. (2015). Problems and alternative insurance agricultural production in Serbia. Anali Ekonomskog fakulteta u Subotici, (33), 247-264.
33. World Health Organisation (1985 ). Energy and Protein Requirements, WHO Technical Report Series 724, WHO, Geneva.
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Published
2019-03-25
How to Cite
Sule Gani, B., Kayode Olayemi, J., & Emmanuel Inoni, O. (2019). LIVELIHOOD DIVERSIFICATION STRATEGIES AND FOOD INSECURITY STATUS OF RURAL FARMING HOUSEHOLDS IN NORTH-EASTERN NIGERIA. Ekonomika Poljoprivrede, 66(1), 281–295. https://doi.org/10.5937/ekoPolj1901281G
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