VEGETABLE PRODUCTION IN SAUDI ARABIA: PROTECTION COEFFICIENTS AND RELATIVE EFFICIENCY
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5937/ekoPolj1902457EKeywords:
PAM, Winter Vegetables, Cost Benefit RatiosAbstract
This research investigated the protection coefficients and relative efficiency of winter vegetables by using the domestic and tradable inputs of some selected winter vegetables in Saudi Arabia to explore the economic incentives of local vegetables. The data was analyzed using gross margin and Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM) approach. The outcomes of this research revealed that the eggplant constitutes a highest gross margin as compared to other local vegetables. Moreover, the private price of potato output is more than their parity price. The producers of tomato crops are nearly protected. However, during the study period, the producers of tomatoes, zucchini, and ladyfingers were subsidized and largely competitive on their exports. Furthermore, the study indicated that the government supported eggplant and cucumber vegetables. The research suggests for establishment of international trade collaboration to reduce fees and removal of policy distortions to rise the incentives for vegetable producers.
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References
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24. Mulk. U. Sardar and Khan,M.. (2013). Comparative advantage and competitiveness of pea crop in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Sarhad J. Agric. 29(2): 299-306.
25. Paulraj, A. P., Chandrasekaran, M. and Easwaran, N. (2015). Policy analysis matrix approach: Applications, strengths and weaknesses. Agric. Research J. 52(3): 2395- 1435.
26. Rahman, S.; Kazal, M.M.H.; Begum, I.A.; Alam, M.J. (2016). Competitiveness, Profitability, Input Demand and Output Supply of Maize Production in Bangladesh. Agriculture. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture6020021
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28. Rebollar-Rebollar, S.; Morales-Hernández, J. L.; Hernández-Martinez, J.; GuzmánSoria , E. and Rebollar-Rebollar, A. (2011). Profitability of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Crop in the Southwest of the State of Mexico. Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems. 14 (3): 919-925. www.revista.ccba.uady.mx/ojs/index.php/TSA/article/view/1055/608
29. Stoforos C., Kavcic S., Erjavej E., Mergos G. (2000) Agricultural policy analysis model for Slovenian agriculture. in: Giannias D.A. (ed.), Mergos G. (ed.). Selected readings on economies in transition. Chania : CIHEAM, p. 91-102. (Cahiers Options Méditerranéennes; n. 44). http://om.ciheam.org/om/pdf/c44/00800090.pdf
30. Temesgen, Y.; Tilahun D. and Belay, B. (2014). Production Expansion, Competitiveness and Comparative Advantage of Upland Rice Production: Case of Fogera and Libokemekem Plain in Ethiopia. The International Journal of Applied Economics and Finance, 8: 43-50.DOI: 10.3923/ijaef.2014.43.50
31. Yao, S. (1997a). Comparative Advantages and Crop Diversification: A Policy Analysis Matrix for Thai Agriculture. Journal of Agricultural Economics 48 (2): 211-222. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-9552.1997.tb01146.x
32. Yao, S. (1997 b). Rice Production in Thailand seen Through a Policy Analysis Matrix.
Food Policy. 22 (6): 547–560. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0306-9192(98)00007-4
2. Arsanti, I.W. and Böhme, M.H. (2008). Evaluation of Profitability and Competitiveness of Vegetable Farming Systems In Upland Areas of Indonesia. J. Acta Hortic. 794: 49-54, https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2008.794.5
3. Atiya, B. (2007). Competitiveness and comparative advantage of tomato in Syria. The Mediterranean Conference of Agro-Food Social Scientists. Barcelona, Spain, April 23rd - 25th, 2007. http://www.econ.core.hu/doc/felhiv/MEDCON-FullProgram pdf
4. lzaki, RM, Elamin E. and H. SA. (2010). Poverty and agricultural development in Sudan. International journal of Sudan Research, 1(1): 65-081. http://www.wasd.org.uk/download/poverty-and-agricultural-development-in-sudan/
5. Fang, C. and Beghin, J. C. (2000). Food Self-Sufficiency, Comparative Advantage, and Agricultural Trade: A Policy Analysis Matrix for Chinese Agriculture. CARD Working Papers. 270. http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/card_workingpapers/270
6. Food Agricultural Organization. FAO. Assistance for capacity building through enhancing operation of the national Agricultural Policy Centre. FAO Projects GCP/SYR/006/ITA and TCP/SYR/29006 (A). Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/3/ad923e/ad923e00.htm (2004).
7. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Statistics and Information Branch. Fisheries and Aquaculture Department. Retrieved from www.fao.org/fishery/statistics/en ( August, 2018).
8. General Authority of Statistic GAoS .(2017). Agricultural census, 2017. Riyadh. KSA. https://www.stats.gov.sa/en/22
9. General Authority of Statistic GAoS. 2018. Agricultural Census, 2018. Riyadh, KSA. https://www.stats.gov.sa/en/22.
10. Hoang, V. V. and Tran, K. T. (2019) Comparative Advantages of Alternative Crops: A Comparison Study in Ben Tre, Mekong Delta, Vietnam. AGRIS on-line Papers in Economics and Informatics. 11(1): 35-47. DOI 10.7160/aol.2019.110104.
11. Javed, M.S.; Hassan, S.; Adil, S.A and Ghafoor, A .2006. Comparative advantage of cotton production & its policy implication in Pakistan. Pak. J. of Agri. Sci. (43) 3: 193-196.
12. Kanaka, S and Chinnadurai, M .(2013). The policy analysis matrix of rice cultivation in India. European J. of Physi. and Agric. Sci. 1(1): 8-19.
13. Lbornoz, C. A and Geraldo, L. F. (2018). Trajectory Design for Efficient Crop Irrigation with a UAV. DOI: 10.1109/CCAC.2017.8276401
14. Scheiterle, L. and Birner, R. (2018). Assessment of Ghanas Comparative Advantage in Maize Production and the Role of Fertilizers. Sustainability. 10(11), 4181; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10114181.
15. Lateef, M .A ;.Kasar, A. D and A. A. Mudhi . (2018). Investment priorities in the agricultural scientific research in Iraq using policy analysis matrix approach cereals crops (Rice Amber Al Baraka Buhooth2, Corn Synthetiic Genotype Fajer 1, And Wheat Buhooth). The Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 48 (3): 797-811.
16. Sabaouhi, M.; Ghanbari, A.; Tavassoli, F. R. A. and Esmaeilian, Y. (2011). Economic evaluation and Applications of the Policy Analysis Matrix of sole and intercropping of leguminous and cereals Case study: Shirvan city-Iran. African Journal of Biotechnology. 10(78): 17948-17953. http://www.academicjournals.org/AJB
17. Masters, W. A., & Winter-Nelson, A. E. (1995). Measuring the comparative advantage of agricultural activities: Domestic resource costs and the social costbenefit ratio. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 77(2), 243-250. https://doi.org/10.2307/1243534
18. Ministry of economic planning. MoEP, (2018). Summary and Priorities of the Tenth Development Plan (2015-2019). Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. https://www.mep.gov.sa/en/
19. Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture. MoEWA. (2017). Statistical Books. Riyadh, KSA. https://www.stats.gov.sa/en/929-0
20. Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture .MoEWA. (2018). Statistical Yearbook of 2017. Agriculture, water and environment, Issue Number: 53, chapter 5, Riyadh, KSA. https://www.stats.gov.sa/en/929-0
21. Monke, E. and Pearson, S. (1989). The Policy Analysis Matrix for Agricultural Development; Cornell University: Ithaca, NY, USA, 1989; ISBN 0-8014-9551-2.
22. Ministry of water and electricity. MoWE.2015. Statistical report. Centre of statistics and information. Ministry of water and electricity, Riyadh, KSA.
23. Quddus, M. A. and Mustafa, U. (2011). Comparative Advantage of Major Crops Production in Punjab: An Application of Policy Analysis Matrix. Lahore Journal of Economics, Department of Economics, The Lahore School of Economics, vol. 16(1): 63-94.
24. Mulk. U. Sardar and Khan,M.. (2013). Comparative advantage and competitiveness of pea crop in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Sarhad J. Agric. 29(2): 299-306.
25. Paulraj, A. P., Chandrasekaran, M. and Easwaran, N. (2015). Policy analysis matrix approach: Applications, strengths and weaknesses. Agric. Research J. 52(3): 2395- 1435.
26. Rahman, S.; Kazal, M.M.H.; Begum, I.A.; Alam, M.J. (2016). Competitiveness, Profitability, Input Demand and Output Supply of Maize Production in Bangladesh. Agriculture. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture6020021
27. Rashid, M. D A. and Matin, MA. (2018). The policy analysis matrix of pulse crops production in Bangladesh. Bangladesh J. of Agric. Research. 43(1):18-24.109-123. DOI: 10.3329/bjar.v43i1.36185
28. Rebollar-Rebollar, S.; Morales-Hernández, J. L.; Hernández-Martinez, J.; GuzmánSoria , E. and Rebollar-Rebollar, A. (2011). Profitability of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Crop in the Southwest of the State of Mexico. Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems. 14 (3): 919-925. www.revista.ccba.uady.mx/ojs/index.php/TSA/article/view/1055/608
29. Stoforos C., Kavcic S., Erjavej E., Mergos G. (2000) Agricultural policy analysis model for Slovenian agriculture. in: Giannias D.A. (ed.), Mergos G. (ed.). Selected readings on economies in transition. Chania : CIHEAM, p. 91-102. (Cahiers Options Méditerranéennes; n. 44). http://om.ciheam.org/om/pdf/c44/00800090.pdf
30. Temesgen, Y.; Tilahun D. and Belay, B. (2014). Production Expansion, Competitiveness and Comparative Advantage of Upland Rice Production: Case of Fogera and Libokemekem Plain in Ethiopia. The International Journal of Applied Economics and Finance, 8: 43-50.DOI: 10.3923/ijaef.2014.43.50
31. Yao, S. (1997a). Comparative Advantages and Crop Diversification: A Policy Analysis Matrix for Thai Agriculture. Journal of Agricultural Economics 48 (2): 211-222. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-9552.1997.tb01146.x
32. Yao, S. (1997 b). Rice Production in Thailand seen Through a Policy Analysis Matrix.
Food Policy. 22 (6): 547–560. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0306-9192(98)00007-4
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Published
2019-06-25
How to Cite
Elzaki Ali, R. M., Ibrahim Saied, M. A., & Mohamed Elsebaei, M. N. (2019). VEGETABLE PRODUCTION IN SAUDI ARABIA: PROTECTION COEFFICIENTS AND RELATIVE EFFICIENCY. Economics of Agriculture, 66(2), 457–469. https://doi.org/10.5937/ekoPolj1902457E
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Original scientific papers
